Introduction *

This Negotiators’ Handbook aims at supporting government representatives during the process of negotiating new generation IIAs.

It is structured on a provision-by-provision basis, by reference to the standard provisions usually contained in investment agre...

Executive Summary

This executive summary presents the key findings of the research on the effects of the Achmea judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union on intra-EU investment arbitration. The findings speak to (i) the Achmea judgment’s effects on pending...

Executive Summary* **

* Executive Summary in French below

** Confidential Report

The agreement establishing the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) was signed in March 2018 by 44 members of the African Union. If ratified, this agreement will create the world's la...

Executive Summary

The catastrophic effects of climate change require stronger measures than the existing ones. Despite the success of the Paris Agreement in terms of participation, it is still necessary to undertake stronger and more effective steps to mitigate this phe...

(Note: This confidential project is the work of Hélio Eduardo de Paiva Araújo, Melchior Jordan Kuo, and John Nyanje (The Graduate Institute, Geneva))

Non-Confidential Summary

Acceding to the WTO is a positive project that can help Least Developed Countries (“LDC”) govern...

The Buenos Aires Ministerial Decision of 13 December 2017 on Fisheries Subsidies (the BA Ministerial Decision) marks more than 20 years since the issue of subsidies to fisheries was raised at the World Trade Organization (WTO), originally under the auspices of Committe...

Trade-Restrictive Measures (TRM) are an area of huge concern to importers and exporters in African Union Least Developed Countries (AU LDCs) located in Sub-Saharan Africa. This report identifies and analyses discriminatory government policies that adversely affect AU L...

Microsoft has proposed a Digital Convention on cyber security and this commentary seeks to evaluate the inputs made in the proposal and how these inputs could inform future efforts in the field of cyber governance. The first part of the research presents the Microsoft...

The present report provides a comparative analysis of corporate models frequently used for social development purposes for the benefit of economically disadvantaged and marginalized communities. The objective of this analysis is to identify workable models through whic...

This study seeks to improve our understanding of the relationship between response measures, economic diversification and international trade rules, and accordingly identify the positive opportunities that the current proliferation of regional and bilateral trade agree...