This memorandum provides an analysis of the scope of non-discrimination obligations upon monopoly state enterprises (MSEs) and state (trading) enterprises under the General Agreement on Trade in Tariffs 1994 (GATT 1994), the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), and the Canada-European Union Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA). Specifically, this memorandum answers the question as to whether there is one obligation for non-discriminatory treatment or two

SPS, SOEs, Cooperation, Trade in Goods, and Trade in Services